AS 91189 Investigate geological processes in a New Zealand locality.

AS 91189 Investigate geological processes in a New Zealand locality.

AS 91189 Investigate geological processes in a New Zealand locality.

AS 91189 Investigate geological processes in a New Zealand.

 

132,000 years of violent volcanic activity then they built Ash Pit Road (Prezi).

Tephra deposited from multiple eruptions in the Taupo volcanic Zone.The history of the area is written in layers of ash revealed in a cutting on Ash Pit road close to Rerewhakaaitu. 

The land and Lakes Field trip document is a good resource and you should flick through it and highlight sections that deal with basalt, rhyollite, the Taupo and Tarawera eruptions. You will come across a section on the road cutting on Ash Pit road.

 

Skim read to begin with and don’t get bogged down in detail

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The Tarawera eruption.

This is a useful resource on the Tarawera eruption

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The Okataina Volcanic Complex

GNS Science, TE PU AO iis a government website with lots of Earth and Geoscience resources

The Okataina Volcanic Complex

The Okataina Volcanic Centre is part of The Taupo Volcanic Zone ( TVZ ).

 Plinian eruptions send huge volumes of ash into the stratosphere and this can have global implications. Individual ash deposits show a fine grained layer at the top indicating that the eruption faded after the initial explosive event

The Okataina Centre includes the large young volcanoes of Tarawera and Haroharo, with others at Mt Edgecumbe, Okareka and Rotoma

 

New Zealand volcanoes such as Ngauruhoe and White Island, have relatively small eruptions every few months or years.

Eruptions in the Okataina volcanic complex, are 100 to 10,000 times larger than those at White Island or Ngauruhoe. 

Okataina Complex volcanos  have displayed eruption intervals between 700 and 3000 years.

There have been 12 devastating Plinian eruptions in the period between 31 and ∼43 ka. The pyroclastic deposits total 77 km3. The biggest eruptions in the region were extremely destructive burying areas of up to 4,200 km2 to at least a depth of 1 meter.

The Auckland Region covers an area of 4894 km2 . 

 

 

The Kaharoa eruption and The Great Famine of 1315-1317

 

 

The onset of the Great Famine coincided with the end of the Medieval Warm Period. Between 1310 and 1330, northern Europe saw some of the worst and most sustained periods of bad weather in the entire Middle Ages, characterized by severe winters and rainy and cold summers. The Great Famine may have been precipitated by a volcanic event,[3] perhaps that of Mount Tarawera, New Zealand, which lasted about five years. (Wikipedia)

[embeddoc url=”https://johnwest.edublogs.org/files/2017/10/kaharoa-eruption-2hgafjt-29wfwyy.pdf” d

Intra Plate Volcanics, Hot Spots

Intra Plate Volcanics, Hot Spots

Intra Plate Volcanics, Hot Spots

A sunny ferry trip to Rangitoto Island
 

 

 

 

A broad gently sloping cone. Rangitoto is a shield volcano formed from fluid basalt lava flows

Where does all the basalt come from?

…..mid ocean ridges ridges to begin with then it is subducted under the east coast of the North Island

  • Most basalt is produced at mid ocean ridges.
  • Basalt produced at mid ocean ridges is rafted away as oceanic crust is formed.
  • The process of subduction produces mainly basaltic magma
  • This basalt is not rafted away from the site of eruption.
  • The subducting slab comprises of basalt and gabbro with a thin veneeer of seafloor sediment.
  • Water and other fluids move into the overlying “mantle wedge” where they promote partial melting.
  • The resulting basalt magma makes its way into the continental crust
  • The basalt can end up feeding large volanos such as Mount Ruapehu.
  • Broad gently sloping cones such as Auckland’s Rangitoto Island, Lyttleton and Akaroa on the Banks Peninsula.
  • In the Auckland region steep sided scoria cones are also formed by the process of fire fountaining.

 

 

 

 

  • Most basalt is produced at mid ocean ridges.
  • Basalt produced at mid ocean ridges is rafted away as oceanic crust is formed.
  • The process of subduction produces mainly basaltic magma
  • This basalt is not rafted away from the site of eruption.
  • The subducting slab comprises of basalt and gabbro with a thin veneeer of seafloor sediment.
  • Water and other fluids move into the overlying “mantle wedge” where they promote partial melting.
  • The resulting basalt magma makes its way into the continental crust
  • The basalt can end up feeding large volanos such as Mount Ruapehu.
  • Broad gently sloping cones such as Auckland’s Rangitoto Island, Lyttleton and Akaroa on the Banks Peninsula.
  • In the Auckland region steep sided scoria cones are also formed by the process of fire fountaining.

Electricity, electrical circuits Year 10

Electricity, electrical circuits Year 10

Electricity, electrical circuits Year 10

Series and parallel circuits. Basic notes and a quiz

Watch the video showing series and parallel circuits with two light bulbs. Read over your class notes and get help from the text book if you need to.

Series and Parallel circuits

In a series circuit the components are connected in such a way that the current flows from one component to the other all the way round the circuit. In a parallel circuit the current branches and can follow more than one pathway

  • What happens in a series circuit when a bulb is removed?
  • What happens in a parallel circuit when a bulb is removed?
  • Think about the brightness of the bulbs

then try the quiz. Make sure you click the submit button when you finish. Finally, the video is very boring. Make your own video to demonstrate the difference between series and parallel circuits

Series and Parallel Circuit Quiz

Series and Parallel Circuits for experts.

Hydrothermal activity at Orakei Korako and the extremophiles that survive there (cyanobacteria)

Hydrothermal activity at Orakei Korako and the extremophiles that survive there (cyanobacteria)

Hydrothermal activity at Orakei Korako and the extremophiles that survive there (cyanobacteria)

Western Heights High School students recently visited the hydrothermal area at Orakei Korako. This was part of their Level 2 Earth and Space Science programme. ( AS 91190 Investigate how organisms survive in an extreme environment)

Cyanobacteria are named after the bluish pigment phycocyanin, which they use to capture light for photosynthesis. They also contain chlorophyll the pigment used by plants to photosynthesise. Cyanobacteria predate plants. In fact the chloroplast in plants evolved when a cyanobacterium was absorbed by a green algal ancestor of  plants more than 600 million years ago.

Not all cyanobacteria are blue, some are red or pink from the pigment phycoerythrin  Red cyanobacteria can be found found growing around sinks and drains. African flamingos get their pink color from eating spirulina.

The important point is that cyanobacteria photosynthesise.

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